# Firefly.jl

"[like] fireflies next to spotlights"

A tool for characterizing directly-imaged exoplanets in a Bayesian framework

## Installation

From Julia (v"1.3")

julia>]

(1.3) pkg> add Firefly

## API/Reference

Firefly.PoissonInvariantType
PoissonInvariant(a, b) <: ContinuousUnivariateDistribution

A Poisson invariant distributions truncated from a to b.

This distribution is derived from the determinant of the Fisher information matrix

$p(x) \propto \sqrt{E\left[\left(\frac{d\ln{L}}{dx} \right)^2 \right]}$

which gives $p(x)\propto 1/\sqrt{x}$

Form

$p(x) = \frac{1}{2(\sqrt{b} - \sqrt{a})\sqrt{x}}\quad\forall{x\in (a,b)}$

Supported Functions

These functions have been explicitly written for RadialUniform from Distributions.jl. There may be more functionality available from fallback methods, but the following are guaranteed to work.

Examples

julia> using Distributions

julia> dist = PoissonInvariant(0, 1)
PoissonInvariant{Float64}(a=0.0, b=1.0)

julia> pdf(dist, -1)
0.0

julia> pdf(dist, 3)
0.0

julia> cdf(dist, quantile(dist, 0.5))
0.5
source
Firefly.RadialUniformType
RadialUniform(r_in, r_out) <: ContinuousUnivariateDistribution

A radially uniform distribution from r_in to r_out.

This distribution is derived from the change of variables evaluation of

$p(r, \theta) = p(x, y)\left|\nabla_{r,\theta}(x, y) \right|$

which given $p(x, y)\propto 1$, leads to $p(r, \theta)\propto r$

Form

$p(r) = \frac{2r}{r_\text{out}^2 - r_\text{in}^2}\quad\forall{r\in (r_\text{in}, r_\text{out})}$

Supported Functions

These functions have been explicitly written for RadialUniform from Distributions.jl. There may be more functionality available from fallback methods, but the following are guaranteed to work.

Examples

julia> using Distributions

julia> dist = RadialUniform(0, 10)

julia> pdf(dist, -1)
0.0

julia> pdf(dist, 3)
0.06

julia> cdf(dist, quantile(dist, 0.5))
0.5000000000000001
source
Firefly.findpeakMethod
findpeak(::AbstractVector)
findpeak(::Chains, [::Symbol])

Return a naïve maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate from a chain.

This uses kernel density estimation (KDE) to estimate the continuous posterior distribution from the input chain and simply returns its max argument. This is naïve because we should not consider KDE peaks to be true "modes" or MAP estimates. Estimating accurate modes of a posterior sample is still an active area of statistical research.

Examples

julia> samples = randn(2000);

julia> findpeak(samples) # should be close to 0
-0.24696046398697033
source
Firefly.findpeaksMethod
findpeaks(::AbstractVector, [n])
findpeaks(::Chains, [::Symbol], [n])

Return the first n naïve maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates from a chain.

This uses kernel density estimation (KDE) to estimate the continuous posterior distribution from the input sample and finds maxima via the finite-difference estimation of the derivative. This is naïve because we should not consider KDE peaks to be true "modes" or MAP estimates. Estimating accurate modes of a posterior sample is still an active area of statistical research.

Examples

julia> samples = append!(randn(1000), randn(800) .+ 10);

julia> findpeaks(samples, 2) # should be close to [0, 10]
2-element Array{Float64,1}:
-0.059655173778625246
9.987428704498656
source